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TheVillage Celebrates African American Inventors

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February is Black History Month! And what better way to celebrate than to lift from obscurity African Americans who played crucial roles in this country’s scientific, cultural and industrial progress. Their achievements saved thousands of lives, made the lives of many Americans easier and in some instances changed the course of history. And yet, they are largely forgotten by the world they helped to change for the better. In this series, we will highlight some of these under-appreciated and forgotten men and women.

Garrett A. Morgan: A Life Saver Whose Inventions Changed the World

With only an elementary school education and a dime in his pocket, a teenage Garrett Augustus Morgan moved to Cleveland, Ohio in search of a better opportunity in 1895. There he would become an inventor whose devices would save thousands of lives.

Born March 4, 1877 in Paris, Kentucky, as the seventh child of a former slave and a Mulatto father, Morgan taught himself how to use a sewing machine and years later opened up a large tailoring shop, according to Louis Haber, author of Black Pioneers and Invention.

But soon the entrepreneur became an inventor whose devices included the belt fattener for sewing machines and a hair straightener. Morgan was using a liquid to polish sewing machines needles to prevent them from scorching the fabric when he accidentally discovered that using the same liquid can straighten hair, Haber said. He launched the G. A Morgan Hair Refining company and started marketing the product by converting it into cream. In 1910 he also made a black hair oil dye and invented a curved-tooth comb for hair straightening, according to online reports.

But perhaps, his most important invention was the Safety Hood, which he made in 1912 and would use years later to rescue trapped workers.

On July 25, 1916, residents woke to learn of an explosion at a Cleveland Water Works’ tunnel, 250 feet below Lake Erie. A foreman had led a crew down into the tunnel shortly before natural gas vented up from the lake bed and somehow ignited, burying the crew under hundreds of feet of mud and tunnel debris.

Rescuers rushed to help, but soon became victims when they were unable to leave the tunnel. After two rescue attempts had failed and 10 people had died, someone from the rescue team thought of Morgan and his Safety Hood, which had been publicized and used in various demonstrations. The safety Hood would later become known as the gas mask.

The Safety Hood is a device that uses a hood to be placed over the user’s head and a tube with an inlet opening for air.

Morgan was still wearing his pajamas when he rushed to the scene with his brother Frank and four of his hoods, according to Black Then, Discovering Our History. Morgan and his brother put on the hood and rushed into the gas-and-smoke filled tunnel to help.

“Grim-faced men and sobbing women were beginning to give up hope when suddenly a cheer went up,” Haber said in his book. “Morgan had emerged from the tunnel carrying an injured man on his back! He immediately re-entered the tunnel for more.”

During World War I, Morgan’s Safety Hood was improved and transformed into the gas mask. It was used to save thousands of soldiers on the battlefield. It’s now used by industrial workers, firemen and underwater divers and anyone else who need helmets that could provide breathable air

Years later Morgan came out with another invention that would have world-wide impact after he witnessed a crash between a car and a horse-drawn carriage. The driver of the automobile was knocked unconscious and the horse was so badly injured that he had to be shot, Haber reported.

With the growing number of automobiles on the street, Morgan felt something had to be done to prevent accidents. And he came up with the first traffic light signal system, which is now used all over the world.

Morgan, a husband and father of three, was a jolly, quick-tempered and outspoken man. But his warmth and good nature brought him many friends including John D. Rockefeller and the financier, J. Piermont Morgan. Morgan died on July 27, 1963.

Black History

US Black Chambers of Commerce Makes History with Campus for Entrepreneurship

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The U.S. Black Chambers of Commerce recently unveiled its new campus, which was the former BET headquarters, located on more than seven acres in the nation’s capital.

USBC President Ron Busby, said, “When I reflect on the journey of the U.S. Black Chambers over the past 16 years, I see a story of resilience, vision, and progress. This campus is the next chapter of that story — not just a building, but a living symbol of what happens when we claim our space, own our future, and build institutions that outlast us.”

For five years, Busby worked to bring his vision of a permanent home for the “voice of Black Business” to fruition. Relying on his faith and an impressive roster of supporters, he navigated a changing political landscape and uncertainty for businesses, large and small.

The USBC Innovation Campus is about more than today’s entrepreneurs; it’s about ensuring that generations to come inherit a place where their ideas, voices, and businesses can thrive,” he explained.

Amid the upheaval of today’s economy with its growing list of mass layoffs, increased tariffs and tightened access to capital, Black entrepreneurs are finding renewed hope in efforts to build a community that helps fuel their goals.

History is on their side.

Even during slavery, some free Blacks managed to establish small businesses, and for a very small number of the enslaved, there were limited opportunities to “hire themselves out” for income. After the Civil War and during Reconstruction, there was a sharp rise in Black business ownership as men and women embraced ways to exercise their freedom. Despite the frequent threats and incidents of violence, this commitment to claim their place in spaces that had been off-limits served only to fortify their determination.

The harsh reality of Jim Crow and its relentless discrimination created a demand for more Black businesses. Entrepreneurs provided services to their communities, even though many consumers had very little discretionary income. The “internal” economies that sprang up around the country employed other African Americans and led to Tulsa’s Black Wall Street and insurance companies like North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and Atlanta Life Insurance Company. Madame C.J. Walker also emerged during this era.

“My object in life is not simply to make money for myself or to spend it on myself in dressing or running around in an automobile, but I love to use a part of what I make in trying to help others” she said.

Fast forward more than a century, and the development of a campus devoted exclusively to nurture Black entrepreneurship would have been among Walker’s and the ancestors’  wildest dreams. It certainly has been one of Ron Busby’s, and he would like to see the USBC Innovation Campus play a pivotal role in helping others realize theirs.  

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Black History

Meet Jolanda Jones and Borris Miles: Black Texas Lawmakers Fighting Redistricting

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The Texas House reconvened today, but failed to reach a quorum for the second day in a row as the Democrats, who left the state in an orchestrated effort to delay the state’s Republican-led legislature from moving forward with its redistricting map that would create five more GOP congressional seats, show no signs of returning home soon.

One of the Texas lawmakers who fled to New York, state Representative Jolanda Jones said that Texas Governor Greg Abbott is “trying to get soundbites” by threatening to arrest the lawmakers who have left the state.

President Donald Trump says the FBI “might have to” locate the lawmakers. Trump’s statement comes hours after Texas Governor Greg Abbott ordered the state police to locate the lawmakers. However, the civil arrest warrants that have been issued do not extend beyond the state of Texas, and the 50 Democrats involved in the redistricting protest are in predominantly blue states like Illinois and New York.

Jones held back tears as she discussed the decision she and her legislative colleagues have made.

“I can’t imagine living in a time with no voting rights; I can’t imagine living in a time with no civil rights, but that’s where we are,” Jones said. “Yes, it’s hard. I have a granddaughter. I adore her. I miss her, but I’m going to have to be okay with FaceTime because I can’t come back to see her. There’s not a doubt in my mind that the Texas State Troopers will arrest me, and if I’m arrested, I literally can’t fight for democracy, so I’ve got to sacrifice. It is what it is. It makes me sad, but it is what it is.”

Texas State Senator Borris Miles released a statement announcing his support of Jones and the other legislators who broke quorum. 

Miles wrote, “It is a blatant racist power grab. The ramifications of this [mid-decade redistricting] are not just a danger to Texas; they will ripple through this country, threatening the fabric of our entire nation.”

Miles said he and other Texas lawmakers will meet with Massachusetts Governor Maura Healey this week at the National Conference of State Legislatures Annual Summit in Boston to discuss ways to “sound the alarm.”

In Illinois – another blue state – the absent Texas lawmakers have received support from Governor JB Pritzker, and the Democratic National Committee Chair, Ken Martin, said they will “fight fire with fire.”

Pritzker added, “We’re going to everything we can to protect every single one of them and make sure that – ‘cause we know they’re doing the right thing, we know that they’re following the law.”
New York Governor Kathy Hochul said, “That’s why the gloves are off, and I say, ‘Bring it on.” Hochul and other political leaders in blue states have begun talking about redistricting drives to form maps favorable to Democratic candidates.

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Black History

The Luxury of Oak Bluffs Is Embraced in a Summer Campaign By Designer Ralph Lauren

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One of Black Americans’ most popular luxury enclaves is featured in a summer style campaign released by legendary designer Ralph Lauren. Oak Bluffs on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, is a coastal beauty with a history of serving as a prominent affluent haven.

“We made the concerted choice to be here in Oak Bluffs because we knew we would be safe,” a longtime homeowner said in a documentary titled, ‘A Portrait of the American Dream: Oak Bluffs.’ This place nurtures from the heart, from the soul, and from the environment that’s here, and the way we are able to build bonds with people.”

The descendants of Africans first arrived in Marth’s Vineyard in the 1600s, initially as enslaved people working on farms. In 1912, Charles Shearer, who was born to a Black woman and a slave owner, opened Shearer Cottage which was the first Black-owned inn in Oak Bluffs. Shearer Cottage is considered a “hub” for the community.

Ralph Lauren described Oak Bluffs as “a quintessential portrait of the joy, optimism, and the sense of opportunity that make up the foundation of the American Dream.”

In his collection, Lauren shows Black models in classic fashions that capture summer on the Vineyard. It is a collaboration with Morehouse College and Spelman College. Three years ago, Lauren dropped a collection featuring both colleges. The collection was a wild success and sold out. 


To watch the Oak Bluffs documentary, click here.

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