The anniversary of Brown
versus the Board of Education is this weekend. It has been sixty-six years
since the Supreme Court handed down its unanimous decision in Brown vs.
Board of Education, declaring segregation in public educational facilities unconstitutional.
The decision ended decades of federal support of the “separate but equal” doctrine
which began in 1896 with Plessy
vs. Ferguson.
Oliver Brown had filed suit after the Topeka Board of
Education would not allow his daughter, Linda, to attend a white school that
was near their home. Brown was one of the families in the area working with the
NAACP to integrate schools. According to the Brown Foundation website, “each
plaintiff was to watch the paper for enrollment dates and take their child to
the school for white children that was nearest to their home. Once they
attempted enrollment and were denied, they were to report back to the NAACP.
This would provide the attorneys with the documentation needed to file a
lawsuit against the Topeka School Board. The African American schools appeared
equal in facilities and teacher salaries, but some programs were not offered,
and some textbooks were not available. In addition, there were only four
elementary schools for African American children as compared to eighteen for
white children.”
The history of the historic Brown decision is preserved by,
among others, the National Parks Service and the family. Cheryl Brown
Henderson, the daughter of Oliver Brown, founded the Brown
Foundation.
In 2014 when the decision turned 60, then-Attorney General Eric
Holder said, “My generation…my generation…was the first to grow up in a world
in which ‘separate but equal’ was no longer the law of the land. Even as a
child growing up in New York City, I understand as I learned about the decision
that its impact was truly groundbreaking.”
Thurgood Marshall, who became the first African American
Supreme Court Justice, led the NAACP Legal Defense team during the Brown vs.
Board of Education case. Chief Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren wrote the
1954 decision. One year later on May 31, 1955 during arguments to determine how
states would implement the ruling, Warren urged states to start desegregation
plans “with all deliberate speed.”
President Jimmy Carter advanced opportunities for African Americans throughout his life, advocating for justice and peace consistent with the Christian values he embraced. Since his death on December 29 at age 100, Mr. Carter’s praises have been sung from his home state of Georgia to points around the globe. And while the former president’s one-term in the White House is dismissed by some political pundits for a lack of policies or accomplishments that changed the course of history, his character and integrity set him apart.
Carter became the first president to appoint a Black woman head of a federal agency. He chose Patricia Roberts Harris to lead the Housing and Urban Development when he took office in 1977.
Harris said, “I feel deeply proud and grateful this President chose me to knock down this barrier, but also a little sad about being the ‘first Negro woman,’ because it implies we were not considered before.”
Senator William Proxmire questioned Carter’s choice, saying Harris came from too much wealth and influence to be an effective leader. But Carter stood by his decision, and Harris stayed in the position for two years.
The 39th president’s name is also included on the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame.
Civil rights activist, Rev. Al Sharpton recalled a conversation he shared with Carter.
“It was very significant, I was talking there at the foot of the Lincoln Memorial, and I was talking to President Clinton and President Carter,” Sharpton recalled. “And when Clinton and I finished talking, President Carter touched me on my arm and said, ‘How are you doing with your ministry, Al? I see you out there with your activism. Don’t leave your ministry … keep your prayer life going.’ And you could tell he sincerely meant it. He was not one who talked about his religion as a political kind of something you could say to voters.”
President Joe Biden declared January 9, 2025, a national day of mourning. Millions watched the former president’s funeral on television as he was remembered as a man of honesty, compassion and faith – which included championing the rights of Americans who knew firsthand the struggle of injustice
The Congressional Black Caucus started the 119th Congress with its largest membership. There were 62 members sworn in today.
“On behalf of the entire Congressional Black Caucus, congratulations to the members of the Executive Committee of the 119th Congress. 53 years after our Caucus’ founding, our work to improve the lives and conditions of Black people in America is more important than ever before,” said CBC President Steven Horsford.
In Arkansas a formerly all-Black school, Ouachita County Training School, has launched a national fundraising effort to restore the campus following its designation as a site on the National Register of Historic Places. One of the first corporate donations to OCTS, located in Bearden, Arkansas, came from the Katherine Anthony Foundation.
Anthony’s nephew, Steve, and CEO of Anthony Timberlands, presented a $10,000 check to the historic committee.
“We are happy to support the work of the Greater Bradley District Association and the Ouachita County Training School committee in their efforts to maintain the infrastructure and grounds of the training school, which is such an important part of the Bearden community,” Anthony said.
The National Park Service listed OCTS on the prestigious register in 2023.
“Since we received the news, we have been excited and motivated to raise the funds necessary to preserve this part of our history!” Virginia Ashley, committee president said. “We recognize the pivotal role OCTS played in educating several generations of young people who started right here and went on to contribute greatly to the Black middle class and the world.”
The gift of education
For education advocates, December holds a special place in American history. During the Christmas Season in 1952, the Supreme Court first heard arguments to eliminate segregation in the nation’s public schools. But, it took two more years before the Court issued its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, declaring segregation unconstitutional.
During the 1950s, OCTS educated Black students in the small southern town south of Little Rock, which became known internationally for The Little Rock Nine and their efforts to integrate Central High School. In Bearden, several Rosenwald Schools had consolidated to create the larger OCTS campus that educated students from the first through the 12th grades.
“I have such wonderful memories of my days as a student at OCTS,” recalled Pearlie Newton, a retired educator and executive director of the OCTS historic committee. “My dad helped pour concrete at the campus, my husband and I met there and it was in one of the classrooms that my goal to become an educator took shape.”
Despite the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision eliminating “separate but equal” schools, OCTS remained segregated until 1971 when it merged with the white school district in the area. An association of Black Baptist churches known as the Greater Bradley District Association purchased the campus for use as its headquarters.
Pastor and Association Moderator, Verna Thompson, said, “We are excited about the renovation and look forward to holding our church services and meetings in a modernized facility that holds so much historic significance.”