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How the Courage of 50 Black Men Helped End Segregation in the Military

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America suffered its most devastating World War II loss on its own soil at Port Chicago, California located in San Francisco’s East Bay area 75 years ago today when a munitions explosion rocked the area, leaving 320 men dead and more than 200 of them were Black men. The tragedy set the stage for what became known as the Port Chicago Mutiny  which historians say contributed to the end of segregation in the Armed Forces.

Earlier this week the National Park Service held a special service marking the 75th anniversary of the explosion. Family and friends of the men who perished gathered at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine Memorial to remember their loved ones.

The explosion occurred on July 17, 1944 as munitions denotated while being loaded onto a cargo vessel headed for the Pacific Theater Operations. The blast shook the area and blew out windows. Because Black sailors were usually assigned the job of munitions loading, they were impacted the most dramatically. A month later when the Navy brought in replacement sailors, 258 of them refused to do the job unless new safety procedures were implemented. The men were willing to work but not in the dangerous job of munitions loading.

In the aftermath of the explosion, Sailor Percy Robinson reportedly told researcher Robert L. Allen that the men were scared, adding “If somebody dropped a box or slammed a door, people [began] jumping around like crazy.”

According to BlackPast.org, 208 of the men who decided not to load munitions were punished with a court-martial, loss of pay for three months, and bad conduct discharges. Fifty of the men were charged with mutiny which was punishable by death. They became known as the Port Chicago 50. They were sentenced to eight to 15 years of hard labor but were granted clemency when the war ended.

The NAACP investigated the incident and reported that the men were dissatisfied with their treatment in the Navy. The Navy began a review of its policy regarding the separation among its ranks. In 1948 President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 abolishing segregation in the Armed Forces.

On the Port Chicago Memorial’s Facebook page, John Phillip Fernandez wrote: “My parents and their families lived in nearby West Pittsburg…and, no one EVER said a bad word about those sailors who were overworked and undertrained to handle all those munitions, and then refused to continue.”

Black History

Formerly All-Black School in Arkansas Works to Restore Campus

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In Arkansas a formerly all-Black school, Ouachita County Training School, has launched a national fundraising effort to restore the campus following its designation as a site on the National Register of Historic Places. One of the first corporate donations to OCTS, located in Bearden, Arkansas, came from the Katherine Anthony Foundation.

Anthony’s nephew, Steve, and CEO of Anthony Timberlands, presented a $10,000 check to the historic committee.

“We are happy to support the work of the Greater Bradley District Association and the Ouachita County Training School committee in their efforts to maintain the infrastructure and grounds of the training school, which is such an important part of the Bearden community,” Anthony said.

The National Park Service listed OCTS on the prestigious register in 2023.

“Since we received the news, we have been excited and motivated to raise the fund necessary to preserve this part of our history!” Virginia Ashley, committee president said. “We recognize the pivotal role OCTS played in educating several generations of young people who started right here and went on to contribute greatly to the Black middle class and the world.”    

The gift of education

For education advocates, December holds a special place in American history. During the Christmas Season in 1952, the Supreme Court first heard arguments to eliminate segregation in the nation’s public schools. But, it took two more years before the Court issued its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, declaring segregation unconstitutional.

During the 1950s, OCTS educated Black students in the small southern town south of Little Rock, which became known internationally for The Little Rock Nine and their efforts to integrate Central High School. In Bearden, several Rosenwald Schools had consolidated to create the larger OCTS campus that educated students from the first through the 12th grades.

“I have such wonderful memories of my days as a student at OCTS,” recalled Pearlie Newton, a retired educator and executive director of the OCTS historic committee. “My dad helped pour concrete at the campus, my husband and I met there and it was in one of the classrooms that my goal to become an educator took shape.”

Despite the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision eliminating “separate but equal” schools, OCTS remained segregated until 1971 when it merged with the white school district in the area. An association of Black Baptist churches known as the Greater Bradley District Association purchased the campus for use as its headquarters.

Pastor and Association Moderator, Verna Thompson, said, “We are excited about the renovation and look forward to holding our church services and meetings in a modernized facility that holds so much historic significance.”

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America Heads Into the Last Mile of the 2024 Presidential Election

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With only a week until Election Day, Vice-President Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are holding their final campaign rallies and crisscrossing the battleground states. Both candidates know the importance of every vote, and they are rallying their base in the closing days.

Vickie Newton, founder of The Village Celebration and Love Black History, traces the history of Black voters in America on the eve of the historic 2024 presidential election.

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Coco Gauff Becomes the Youngest Flag Bearer in US Olympic History

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During the Paris Olympics Opening Ceremony, the female American flag bearer will be Coco Gauff, the 20-year-old tennis star. She will be the youngest flag bearer in American Olympic history. Basketball legend LeBron James has been selected as the male flag bearer.

Gauff said, “I was not expecting that.”

Delighted to be selected, Gauff admitted she has “no idea” what her assignment includes, adding, “I don’t know if there’s flag bearer-training I have to go to.”

James has been to the Olympics four times. He was part of U.S. teams that won bronze in 2004, gold at Beijing in 2008 and gold again in London in 2012.

But this will be his first time as the flag bearer.

He said, “It’s an absolute honor. I hope I continue to make my community proud and continue to make my family proud.”

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